NAP XPS is a less traditional form of XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), it allows for samples to be analysed
at relatively high pressures. Through using the NAP XPS, the XPS can efficiently and effectively probe biological
samples, porous materials, moderately volatile liquids or even polymeric materials that outgas significantly.
Chemical analysis is the act of decomposing a substance into its constituent elements. Chemical analysis, which
heavily relies on the use of accurate measurements, is divided into two categories depending on the manner in
which the assays (the process of determining proportions of metals) are conducted. Classical analysis, also known
as wet chemical analysis, is made up of analytical techniques which require no mechanical or electronic
instruments other than a balance. This method usually relies on chemical reactions between the material being
analysed and a reagent that is added to the material. Wet techniques often depend on the formation of a product
from the chemical reaction, which is easily detected and measured.
heavily relies on the use of accurate measurements, is divided into two categories depending on the manner in
which the assays (the process of determining proportions of metals) are conducted. Classical analysis, also known
as wet chemical analysis, is made up of analytical techniques which require no mechanical or electronic
instruments other than a balance. This method usually relies on chemical reactions between the material being
analysed and a reagent that is added to the material. Wet techniques often depend on the formation of a product
from the chemical reaction, which is easily detected and measured.
Most chemical analysis falls into the second category, which is instrumental analysis. As the name suggests, this
involves the use of an instrument, other than a balance to perform the analysis. A wide assortment of
instrumentation is available for use by the analyst - in some cases the instrument is used to characterise a
chemical reaction between the tested material and the added reagent. In other cases, it is used to measure a
property of the tested material. Instrumental analysis is further subdivided into categories on the basis of the type
of instrumentation employed.
involves the use of an instrument, other than a balance to perform the analysis. A wide assortment of
instrumentation is available for use by the analyst - in some cases the instrument is used to characterise a
chemical reaction between the tested material and the added reagent. In other cases, it is used to measure a
property of the tested material. Instrumental analysis is further subdivided into categories on the basis of the type
of instrumentation employed.
Since the beginning of chemistry, investigators have needed to know the identity and the quantity of the materials
with which they are working. As such, the development of chemical analysis parallels the development of the
subject of chemistry itself. Torbern Bergman, the 18th-century Swedish scientist is usually thought of as the
founder of inorganic quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis. Prior to the 20th century, nearly all testing
was performed using classical methods. Simple instrumentation was available, such as photometers and
electrogravimetric analysis apparatus - instrumental analysis didn’t take off and flourish until well into the 20th
century.
with which they are working. As such, the development of chemical analysis parallels the development of the
subject of chemistry itself. Torbern Bergman, the 18th-century Swedish scientist is usually thought of as the
founder of inorganic quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis. Prior to the 20th century, nearly all testing
was performed using classical methods. Simple instrumentation was available, such as photometers and
electrogravimetric analysis apparatus - instrumental analysis didn’t take off and flourish until well into the 20th
century.
The Principle Stages
The main steps that are performed during a chemical analysis are:
- Sampling
- Field sample pretreatment
- Laboratory treatment
- Laboratory assay
- Calculations
- Results presentation
Each of these must be executed correctly in order for the analytical result to be accurate. Some chemists
distinguish between an analysis - which involves all the steps, and an assay - which is the laboratory section of
the analysis.
distinguish between an analysis - which involves all the steps, and an assay - which is the laboratory section of
the analysis.
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